【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effects of online education combined with experiential education on medication compliance, medication self-efficacy, and glycemic control results in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 88 elderly patients with T2DM were divided into an observation group (n=44) or a control group (n=44) according to the random number table method. The patients in the control group received routine health education on diabetes, based on which the observation group received online education combined with experiential education. The Chinese Version of 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and the Chinese Version of Diabetes Medication Self-efficacy Scale (CDMSS) were used to evaluate the medication compliance and medication self-efficacy, respectively, of the two groups. The medication compliance, medication self-efficacy, and glycemic control results were compared between the two groups before the intervention and after 3 months of the intervention. Results A total of 3 patients fell out due to the loss of follow-up, and there were 42 patients in the control group and 43 patients in the observation group in the end. Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the Chinese Version of MMAS-8 score, CDMSS score, or the level of fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between the two groups (all P>0.05). After 3 months of the intervention, the scores of the Chinese Version of MMAS-8 and CDMSS in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the levels of fasting blood glucose, 2hPBG, and HbA1c in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Online education combined with experiential education can improve medication compliance, medication self-efficacy, and glycemic control results in elderly patients with T2DM.